1. Introduction and History of Fumed Silica 200
Fumed Silica 200, commonly known as Aerosil 200 or pyrogenic silica, is an ultrafine, lightweight powder made of silicon dioxide (SiO₂) nanoparticles. Thanks to its unique properties, this material is widely used across various industries.
Key Features of Fumed Silica 200:
High surface area
Lightweight and porous structure
Excellent thickening and thixotropic properties
Hydrophilic or hydrophobic nature, depending on surface treatment
This material’s versatility makes it essential for applications like paints, coatings, cosmetics, adhesives, composites, pharmaceuticals, and even food production.
2. Production Process of Fumed Silica 200
Fumed Silica 200 is produced through a high-temperature reaction of silicon tetrachloride (SiCl₄) with hydrogen (H₂) and oxygen (O₂) in an industrial process designed for precision and purity. The main reaction is as follows:
SiCl₄ + 2H₂ + O₂ → SiO₂ + 4HCl
During this process, SiO₂ forms as ultrafine particles with a highly porous and low-density structure. Hydrogen chloride (HCl) gas is generated as a byproduct and later removed.
Key Production Stages:
1. Raw Material Preparation: High-purity silicon tetrachloride (SiCl₄) is used as the precursor.
2. High-Temperature Combustion: The SiCl₄ vapor is burned in a hydrogen-oxygen flame at temperatures exceeding 1000°C, producing silica particles in vapor form.
3. Particle Collection: The silica particles condense into a fine fume or mist in the reactor, which is then separated from the gas flow and collected as a dry powder.
4. Surface Modification:
Hydrophilic Fumed Silica: Used directly after production.
Hydrophobic Fumed Silica: The particles are treated with agents like silanes to create a water-repellent surface.
Key Characteristics of the Production Process:
High-temperature reaction: Ensures the formation of ultra-pure, fine particles.
Controlled environment: Prevents contamination and maintains high product quality.
No combustion of organic materials: Only gas-phase chemical reactions occur.
Advantages of the Process:
Ultrafine particles with uniform size distribution
High specific surface area, ideal for use in thickeners and stabilizers
Customizable surface properties (hydrophilic or hydrophobic) based on application requirements
3. Properties and Characteristics of Fumed Silica 200
Particle Size: Typically 7 to 40 nanometers
High Specific Surface Area: About 200 m²/g
Lightweight and Porous Structure: Suitable for low-density fillers
Anti-caking and Anti-aggregation: Prevents clumping in formulations
Hydrophilic or Hydrophobic Surface: Can be tailored based on application needs
4. Applications of Fumed Silica 200
4.1. Additive in Coatings and Paints
Fumed Silica 200 is widely used as an effective thickener and rheology modifier in paints and coatings. It:
Prevents pigment and solid sedimentation in formulations.
Provides thixotropic behavior: thickens at rest, flows when applied, and helps control dripping and sagging.
Increases scratch and abrasion resistance, especially in industrial and protective coatings.
Acts as a matting agent in matte finishes, creating a smooth, non-glossy surface.
Reduces permeability, enhancing resistance to moisture, chemicals, and environmental factors.
Improves thermal resistance, making resins more stable under temperature fluctuations.
4.2. Artificial Stone and Building Materials
In architectural stone and concrete applications, Fumed Silica 200:
Fills microvoids, increasing density and mechanical strength.
Enhances pozzolanic reactions, promoting the formation of calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) for improved concrete strength.
Reduces porosity, minimizing water absorption and protecting against freeze-thaw damage.
Improves surface smoothness and finish, enhancing aesthetic appeal.
Lowers final product weight, which is crucial for reducing dead loads in buildings.
4.3. Cosmetics and Personal Care
Fumed Silica 200 plays a vital role in cosmetic formulations, providing benefits like:
Thickening creams, lotions, and gels, stabilizing emulsions.
Oil absorption, reducing skin greasiness in foundations, mattifiers, and sunscreens.
Improved pigment dispersion, boosting color vibrancy and adhesion in makeup products.
Anti-caking properties, preventing powder clumping in products like compact powders and eyeshadows.
Moisture absorption, contributing to the effectiveness of deodorants and antiperspirants.
4.4. Adhesives and Sealants
Fumed Silica 200 improves the strength, viscosity, and stability of adhesives and sealants, preventing sagging and shrinkage during curing.
4.5. Plastics and Composites
Used as a reinforcing filler, Fumed Silica 200 enhances the mechanical strength and crack resistance of plastics and composites.
4.6. Food and Pharmaceuticals
It serves as an anti-caking agent in powdered foods and a flow enhancer in pharmaceutical tablet formulations.
5. Global Market Overview
According to Precedence Research, the global Fumed Silica market was valued at approximately $1.56 billion in 2024 and is expected to grow to $1.64 billion by 2025. By 2035, the market size is projected to reach $2.57 billion, driven by expanding applications in marine coatings, silicone elastomers, and advanced composites.
Market Distribution (2024):
Asia-Pacific: $660 million (42% of global consumption)
Expected to grow to $1.09 billion by 2035, reflecting rapid industrial expansion in the region.
6. Major Global Manufacturers
Key global players in Fumed Silica production include:
Evonik Industries AG
Wacker Chemie AG
Tokuyama Corporation
OCI Company Ltd
Dow Chemical Company
Elkem ASA
Gelest Inc
Heraeus Holding
BASF SE
Cabot Sanmar
In Iran, Xysil and Fusil (Chinese brands) are widely recognized, though they act as intermediaries rather than direct manufacturers.
7. Fumed Silica 200 Supply in Iran
Several trading companies in Iran supply Fumed Silica 200 for both domestic and international markets. For example, Petro Tejarat Irsa offers both local currency and foreign exchange services for Fumed Silica procurement. They also provide product analysis reports and detailed technical information through their online product catalog.
Conclusion
Fumed Silica 200 is a highly versatile and valuable material used in a wide range of industries. Its unique properties, such as high surface area, particle size control, and tunable hydrophobicity, make it an indispensable additive for improving product performance. With growing demand in coatings, cosmetics, construction, and advanced materials, the global Fumed Silica market is set to experience sustained growth for years to come.